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- heat transfer during changes of state (isothermal processes)
- heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and quantifying heat transfer during changes of state (for example, solid
⟷
liquid or liquid
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gas)
- heating or cooling curves and how to calculate total heat transfer as a substance changes state and heats or cools (for example, how much heat energy is absorbed or evolved as ice melts to water, heats up and then vaporizes to steam).